Hnn320 Clinical Risk Management Assignment Answers


  • Internal Code :
  • Subject Code : HNN320
  • University : Deakin University
  • Subject Name : Nursing

Leadership and Clinical Governance

Care for Patients

I was in UVa's emergency department during my last two semesters in study (ED). The ED is an extremely busy place, which often means that patients feel neglected and dismissed. One of my turns went to the pain centre where a patient came early in the shift complaining that the chest had squeezed pain and radiated his leg. She eventually took the remainder of the day to receive scans and observed that she had a myocardial infarction as a result of her complaint. I ended up with much of the treatment of this lady, as my preceptive woman and I had a complete patient load during this transition. This included mainly the collection of laboratory work, annual reviews and vital signs. I asked her about her home, her job and her medical background during her several visits to her night. She felt very relaxed and asked me questions: my history, her treatment and her prediction. When I left for the transfer, she and her husband (who had been at her bed all the while) told me how much they felt, Because of my care and skills. I hadn't really spent that much with her in terms of time; however, I used her well and so she knew that she was cared for and attended to. This was a fantastic example for me of how even brief encounters will make a big difference to patients at a time where they are very insecure.

Teamwork and Leadership

When I started my UVa General Medicine 3 Central rotation, the unit recently turned to bedside reports. However, a large number of the nurses also hesitated to use the current method of providing a future nurse with patient records. There was no misplaced hesitation. It was a new policy and many nurses found it unpleasant to step from one room to another, since many rooms were sharing, violating patient privacy. In the other hand, I already participated and was very familiar with the procedure and I participated in bedside change reporting on other units. When we left the day I recommended that we partake in the bedside reporting during one of my first shifts on 3 Central. I made the offer to the next nurse who accepted to try at the end of our shift. The three of us practised night reports on all five patients, which were pretty good results.

Although both my preceptor and the coming nurse had done bedside reports for the first time, they both felt it was going very well. They decided that the patient should participate more actively in to ask the nurse to leave, transmit information which they did not think had been transmitted and be more mindful of the information they got. Of their own concern. The outgoing nurse also required the patient to be handed over as the next nurse was introduced and a smooth transition between caregivers was given. One patient even told us what he enjoyed and felt good about the therapy. On a later shift, I was told by both the teacher and the other nurse that they kept checking out by bed and were thankful. I feel that I have taken a strong opportunity to support unit solidarity amongst nurses and to use my external view to endorse a new agenda designed to increase patient care.

Machine learning methodology inspired by the concepts of biological neurons are artificial neural networks (ANNs). This method has been used in many fields of medical signal processing for estimation and classification problems. Identifying people with a high risk of death after an acute myocardial infarction with ANN was the objective of this research.

A large number of trials have been conducted with a view to identifying the subgroup of patients with high risks of mortality following myocardial infarction . In order to be better monitored and handled, detection of people at greater risk of experiencing the second coronary event is extremely critical. CR/SP services are aimed at reducing risk and case rates of heart disease, fostering healthier behaviour, promoting active lifestyles CR/SP programmes Cardiac recovery and secondary intervention services are recognised as an important part of the holistic treatment of patients with myocardial infarction, and the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology in patients with myocardial infarction are advised as helpful and efficient. In addition to stabilising, halting or even correcting the progressions of the underlying atherosclerotic mechanisms and thereby lowering morbidity and mortality, the term cardiac recovery means coordinating and multi-faceted therapies intended to improve the physical, psychological and social performance of the patient's cardiac condition.

The aim is to mobilise the patient until he is clinically stabilised after a MI. A patient is considered healthy if a recent or chronic chest pressure has not increased in the last 8 hours; no new symptoms of heart disease and no sudden, severe, irregular or ECG improvements over the last 8hours are noted. Creatine kinase and/or troponine levels do not rise.

When the patient is healthy, the first day, he should sit at the edge of the bed and then mobilise steadily in the hospital. The aim should be to maintain the heart rate below 120 beats/min during the mobilisation or when the patient has a high rating.

The objectives of hospital recovery are to help patients to become hospitalised. They also are to prepare patients and families in order to deal with social and emotional stress that accompany a coronary incident.

Heart Rehabilitation Outpatient

Once the patient leaves the hospital and is direct by their doctor, the outpatient service can be started. The rehabilitation programme, which usually begins two or four weeks after the incident, depends on the patient's psychiatric status and the seriousness of the MI. Cardiac recovery services were first introduced in the 1960s, when the effects of ambulation for coronary events were recognised through sustained hospitalisation. Uncontrolled protection after discharge led to the introduction of highly organised recovery schemes which were managed and monitored by doctors.

Almost entirely fitness was the subject of these programmes. 8 The meta-analysis based on 48 randomised studies that measured the results of rehabilitation based on exercise to regular treatment found a 20% decline in overall mortality and 26% decrease in heart mortality rates, with rehabilitation based on exercise compared to normal medical treatment. 5 Cardiac recovery programmes have progressed over time to robust cardiovascular risk prevention programmes and the training is not the only component, but an integral component of the programme.

Since hospital stays for MI have declined significantly over time, the chance for hospital risk factor therapies has been reduced.

Heart Rehabilitation Components

An extensive cardiac recovery protocol should determine the risk factors of individual patients, identify risk mitigation targets and help the patient meet these objectives by amending his/her diet, supervised workout, and by providing medication. the key risk factors, the assessment, the objective principles and the solution recommended. The programme team should align their activities with the personal physician of the patient for optimum effectiveness.

Exercise / Physical Activity

The term "body movement created with the skeletal muscle requiring energy and promoting health benefits" can be described as the physical active exercise. Training can be described as 'planned, scheduled and repeated body movements to strengthen or maintain one or more physical activity components.' 9 Over the years, evidence shows a significant contribution to lowering CHD mortality by increasing physical activities and by providing organised fitness instruction.

Training Requirement

A systematic cardiac prescription involves exercises carried out in structured controlled classes and daily physical activity. The training programme, which should adapt to the individual cardiovascular and general health condition, should specify a suitable mode, pace, strength and length of exercise.

Advice on Nutrition

An estimation of the average calorie intakes as well as the normal consumption of saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, and other nutrients should be used to measure the eating preferences of the patient. A low fat diet (especially saturated fat) and high in complex carbohydrates should be prescribed for patients. The diet should consist of 50-60% carbon calories, up to 30% of fat (with saturated fat forming 10% or less) and 10-15% of protein. The diet should be the general guideline. Based on risk factors such as diabetes, asthma and hypercholesterolemia, individual schedules should be formulated.

Rehabilitation Psycho-Social

Following a MI there are certain normal psychological reactions: low moods, tearfulness, sleep disturbances, irritability, agitation, an intense perception of mild somatic sensations or pain, low levels of focus or recollection.

The patient should be explained that these signs are common, universal and part of the natural healing process after any life-threatening incident

Caregiver Evaluation

Assessment of non-rest or medication-related chest pain.Monitor key signals, notably heart rate and blood pressure.Assess breath deficiency, dyspnea, tachypnea and crackles.Nausea and vomiting evaluation.Evaluate urinary production decreased.Evaluation of disease history.Conduct an accurate and comprehensive physical evaluation to recognise medical conditions and improvement.

References for Leadership and Clinical Governance

Clinical Claims Management. (2000), 6(1), 39-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/135626220000600111

Adams, M. (2002). Prevention of myocardial infarction. Internal Medicine Journal, 32(12), 595-600. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1445-5994.2002.00301.x

Milligan, F. (2012). Cardiac rehabilitation: an effective secondary prevention intervention. British Journal Of Nursing, 21(13), 782-785. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2012.21.13.782

Receipt of Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Among Heart Attack Survivors—United States, 2005. (2008), 299(13), 1534. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.299.13.1534

Creasia, J. (1992). Outcomes of cardiac patients and perceptions of caregiver support. Family & Community Health, 15(2), 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003727-199207000-00007

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