- Internal Code :
- Subject Code : HRMT20025
- University : Central Queensland University
- Subject Name : Human Resource Management
Cultural and Psychological Adjustment Assessment Answer
1. At present, the cross-cultural research has subjected several significant contributions. It is very imperative in this context to understand there are certain factors that the MNE employee must comprehend to perform well on an international assignment. Intercultural competence, antecedents, adjustment modes and socio cultural and psychological adjustment forms a very integral part. To subject intercultural competence it is very important to have the related soft skills and the ability to effectively function in another culture. Soft skills subject to the attitudes and institutions and are less about qualifications. They are more driven by personality. Each job role subjects some kind of interaction with others, whether they are customers or colleagues, so soft skills will be imperative to many of the employers. The key soft skills that are required for the MNE employee in this context is communication, leadership, self -motivation, teamwork, problem solving and responsibility. Intercultural competence is the capacity of an individual to communicate effectively, to work, and to build significant relationships with individuals from different cultural backgrounds (Arasaratnam, 2016). Cultural backgrounds can subject the customs, beliefs and behaviors of individuals from different groups.
Acquiring cultural skills is an ongoing process of raising awareness, improving social skills and diversity-related behaviors, and acquiring the skills needed to protect others. It transcends tolerance which means that an individual need not want to ignore this difference. Rather it is about respecting and recognizing diversity through the words and actions in all matters. The world today is diverse and global. Technology has created a very common experience across cultures around the world. Social networking sites, blogs and discussion forums allow for regular communication across national borders. Many industries currently have significant amounts at the international level and careers in various fields are increasingly directly and indirectly involved with individuals from different countries (van der Poel, 2016). Different characteristics of intercultural competence in this context are cultural empathy, linguistic ability, adaptation, positive attitude, diplomacy, maturity and emotional stability. In this case, it is very important to realize that it is very important for culturally intelligent individuals to understand, behave and reason in different cultural situations. Cultural intelligence is associated with sensitive intelligence, but sensitive intelligence leads where it stops. A person with a very sensitive intellect understands how to make us human and at the same time differentiate each of us. A person with great cultural intelligence can somehow spread the behavioral characteristics of an individual or group that will be true of all individuals and groups, which is great for this individual or group and those who do not are not universal or idiosyncratic. Social culture subjects to a particular society and its culture and each nation has its own culture and there are diverse types of societies (Ott & Michailova, 2016).
For example, the culture pertained in the western world is individualistic and eastern culture is a collectivist. Acculturation is a notion that is frequently used when studying socio-cultural adaptations. Adaptation is the procedure by which individuals learn to adapt to the existing culture in context to the environment. It is very important for the MNE employee to be involved in the adjustment mode to work effectively. Psychological adjustment is defined as a state of well-being or mood. Good psychological coordination depends on: a satisfactory understanding of the events that have taken place and the sensitive changes and personal recognition of these changes; an appropriate combination of self-concept; changes in beliefs and personal goals. This adjustment is very important for cross cultural dimensions. If a person cannot psychologically subject a new environment or culture then it will be a big issue (Baum & Isidor, 2017).
2. It is difficult to measure the investment income of expatriates from mature MNEs because it is rigid and complex. Expatriates are the social capital of subtle, matrix, strategic and global mental states that are invaluable to transnational and meta-citizens who are now part of their international structure. Expatriates are the social capital of subtle, matrix, strategic and global mental states that are invaluable to transnational and meta-citizens who are now part of their international structure. But the steps to keep their international structure are much simpler. To measure the ROI of expatriates, managers must be able to determine what the concept is for their organization as part of the overall strategy. The definition should also consider the different stakeholders in the workload (for example, organizations, individual expatriates) (a) how the ROI of expatriates is defined by each, (b) if these definitions are aligned and (c) the effect of global ROI of expatriates in the organization if the definition and expected results are not aligned. Despite the apparent importance of expatriate ROI, it is difficult to find a definition of the term associated with this organization.
In order to measure the ROI of expatriates, managers must also know and identify the reasons why their organization is expatriate. This allows them to measure their rate of return within the framework of long-term allocation objectives. There are six reasons why expatriates seek refuge: (1) filling the gaps in skills, (2) building management skills, (3) launching new ventures, (4) technology transfer, (5) activation management control and (6) transfer corporate culture. Calculating expatriate returns for investment has a wide impact on classifying expatriates based on their motives for a variety of reasons (McNulty & Brewster, 2018). First, since companies have multiple reasons for using expatriates, the goal is to automatically ignore the effectiveness of a “one-of-a-kind” formula or return to an investment measure that calculates costs and uniform benefits for each mission. Second, not only is there a “better” formula or measure, but the purpose of the appointment also indicates the most appropriate time to perform a return on investment calculations.
For example, the main purpose of an international assignment cannot include the return of an expatriate to his country of birth; thus, results such as finding a suitable position in a successful return or increasing the turnover of the workforce after a failed repatriation will not be included in the calculation of the return on investment. Third, misleading ROI calculations are more likely to occur when the long-term probability of an appointment goal is highest. In fact, many of the expenses and benefits associated with expatriates are often of a non-financial nature and appear only after the end of an appointment and often come in the planning of activities and the like and many years later talent management. As indicated by McNulty & Brewster, 2018), short-term ROIs are less likely to be calculated accurately and long-term benefits cannot be identified over time once the calculation is done. In this context, it is important to consider MNE among expatriates who are beyond expectations.
Although companies differ in the way they conduct their assessments, research shows that they look for the following characteristics:
A desire to communicate: Most expats will try to connect with individuals in their new country, but those who start to succeed in their work are those who fail or are not embarrassed even after the first attempt. To identify such individuals, the most effective agencies in the research scanned their positions for conversational enthusiasts and outgoing staff and were not afraid to try their fractal French or speak English with anyone (McNulty, 2016).
Cosmic orientation: The motivation of the cosmic mindset is to instinctively realize that those who practice different cultural rules have value and meaning. Sending the right individuals abroad has identified individuals who respect different perspectives.
A style of collaborative discussion: When strangers talk to strangers, the risk of conflict is much higher when they talk to their compatriots. Different cultures may have fundamentally different expectations of how things will be discussed. Thus, a style of collaborative discussion, which can be very important in business sitting at home, becomes absolutely necessary abroad (McNulty, 2016).
References
Arasaratnam, L. A. (2016). Intercultural competence. In Oxford research encyclopedia of communication.
Baum, M., & Isidor, R. (2017). The influence of the cultural context on expatriate adjustment. In Expatriate Management (pp. 165-190). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
McNulty, Y. (2016). Why Expatriate Compensation Will Change How We Think about Global Talent Management', Global Talent Management and Staffing in MNEs (International Business and Management, Volume 32).
McNulty, Y., & Brewster, C. (2018). Management of (business) expatriates. In Organizational Behaviour and Human Resource Management (pp. 109-137). Springer, Cham.
Ott, D. L., & Michailova, S. (2016). Expatriate Selection: A Historical Overview and Criteria for Decision-Making', Global Talent Management and Staffing in MNEs (International Business and Management, Volume 32).
van der Poel, M. H. (2016). Asian human resource management and intercultural competence. In Multinational Management (pp. 301-310). Springer, Cham.